Lindy Hop is a vibrant and dynamic dance that emerged in the late 1920s and 1930s, evolving from earlier styles such as the Charleston, Breakaway, and the Texas Tommy. Its roots are deeply embedded in the African American communities of Harlem and New York City and flourished during the swing era of jazz. Here’s an exploration of the origins and development of Lindy Hop:
Early Influences
1. Charleston: The Charleston became popular in the 1920s and was a key precursor to Lindy Hop. It was characterized by its fast pace, energetic kicks, and lively footwork, which influenced the development of Lindy Hop’s rhythmic movements.
2. Breakaway: An offshoot of the Charleston, Breakaway introduced the concept of partners breaking apart and improvising solo steps before coming back together. This element of improvisation became a hallmark of Lindy Hop.
3. Texas Tommy: This early swing dance, popular on the West Coast, incorporated swing outs and turns that became fundamental elements in Lindy Hop.
Harlem and the Birth of Lindy Hop
Lindy Hop was born in the ballrooms and dance halls of Harlem, particularly at the famous Savoy Ballroom, which opened in 1926. The Savoy was known for its racial integration and hosted many of the best jazz bands of the era, providing the perfect environment for the evolution of swing dancing.
1. Savoy Ballroom: The Savoy Ballroom was a melting pot of dance styles and music. It featured two bandstands, allowing for continuous music and dancing. Dancers from all over came to showcase their skills, leading to a rich exchange of styles and innovations.
2. Influential Dancers: Innovators like "Shorty" George Snowden and Frankie Manning played pivotal roles in developing and popularizing Lindy Hop. Snowden is often credited with naming the dance. Legend has it that during a dance marathon in 1928, he was asked what dance he was doing, and he responded, “the Lindy Hop,” inspired by Charles Lindbergh’s recent “hop” across the Atlantic.
Characteristics of Lindy Hop
Lindy Hop is characterized by its eight-count swing-out, exuberant energy, and improvisational nature. It combines elements of partner dancing and solo movements, allowing for creative expression and playful interaction between dancers.
1. Swig-Outn: The swing-out is the foundational move in Lindy Hop, where dancers break away from each other and come back together, creating a dynamic and elastic movement.
2. Air Steps: Known as “aerials” or “air steps,” these acrobatic moves were introduced by Frankie Manning and his partner, Freda Washington. They added a spectacular and athletic element to Lindy Hop, contributing to its popularity and visual appeal.
The Swing Era
During the 1930s and 1940s, Lindy Hop reached the height of its popularity, closely associated with the swing music of big bands led by musicians like Duke Ellington, Count Basie, and Benny Goodman. The dance was featured in numerous competitions, films, and performances, spreading its influence across the United States and internationally.
Decline and Revival
Post-World War II, the popularity of big band swing music waned, and with it, the prevalence of Lindy Hop. However, in the 1980s, there was a revival of interest in Lindy Hop, driven by a new generation of dancers who sought to preserve and celebrate the dance’s rich history.
1. Revivalists: Efforts by dance enthusiasts and original Lindy Hoppers like Frankie Manning helped to reignite interest in the dance. Manning, who had retired from dancing, returned to teaching and performing, inspiring countless new dancers.
2. Modern Scene: Today, Lindy Hop is enjoyed worldwide, with numerous festivals, workshops, and competitions dedicated to the dance. It remains a vibrant and evolving art form, celebrating its roots while continuing to innovate and adapt.
Conclusion
Lindy Hop is more than just a dance; it is a cultural phenomenon that embodies the spirit and creativity of the Jazz Age. Its origins in the African American communities of Harlem, coupled with its exuberant style and improvisational freedom, have made it an enduring and beloved dance form. The story of Lindy Hop is a testament to the power of dance to bring people together, express individuality, and create lasting cultural legacies.
